Understanding the Most Common Plastic Surgery Procedures

Deciding to alter your appearance through surgical procedures is a significant choice. The world of plastic surgeryoffers a vast array of options to alter the face and body, but navigating this landscape can feel overwhelming. Understanding the distinctions between different types of surgery, what popular procedures entail, and what to expect from the entire process is crucial for making an informed and confident decision. This guide provides an essential overview of the most common plastic surgery procedures, from the initial consultation to the final stages of recovery, empowering you to approach your journey with clarity.

Plastic Surgery vs. Cosmetic Surgery

While often used interchangeably, the terms "plastic surgery" and "cosmetic surgery" represent two distinct fields with different goals, training paths, and patient outcomes. Grasping this difference is the first step.

What is Plastic Surgery? 

Plastic surgery is a broad surgical speciality dedicated to the reconstruction of facial and body defects due to birth disorders, trauma, burns, and disease. The primary goal of plastic surgery is to correct dysfunctional areas of the body and is, by definition, reconstructive in nature. It focuses on restoring normal function and appearance, addressing issues that go beyond aesthetics. Procedures like breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, burn repair surgery, or cleft lip and palate repair fall squarely under this speciality.

What is Cosmetic Surgery? 

Cosmetic surgery is a discipline of medicine focused entirely on enhancing a patient's appearance. These surgical procedures are elective and aim to improve aesthetic appeal, symmetry, and proportion. The focus is on working on features that are already within the normal range of function. Common examples include procedures such as rhinoplasty or breast augmentation, when performed for purely aesthetic reasons.

Choosing a Qualified Plastic Surgeon

In Singapore, plastic surgeons undergo specialist training that includes both reconstructive and aesthetic procedures. Surgeons must be registered as specialists under the Singapore Medical Council (SMC) and accredited by the Specialists Accreditation Board (SAB). This pathway includes recognised medical school education, postgraduate medical training, and structured specialist training in plastic surgery.

For patients, reviewing a surgeon’s professional registration and training background can help clarify their qualifications and scope of practice.

Patients often consider factors such as the surgeon’s experience with specific procedures, their communication style, and how clearly they explain treatment options. These elements can help patients understand what to expect and support informed decision-making.

Essential Qualities to Consider

Beyond formal qualifications, patients may wish to consider how well the surgeon explains procedures, addresses questions, and supports realistic expectations. Clear communication, thorough discussions of risks and benefits, and a transparent explanation of the planned approach are all helpful components of a consultation.

Questions to Ask During Your Consultation

A consultation provides the opportunity to gather information and understand whether a procedure is suitable for you. Patients may consider asking questions such as:

• Are you registered as a specialist in plastic surgery with the Singapore Medical Council?
• What is your experience with this procedure?
• What are the possible risks, considerations, and limitations associated with this surgery?
• What type of anaesthesia will be used, and who will oversee it?
• How should I prepare for the procedure?
• What does the recovery period typically involve?
• Where will the surgery take place, and what safety standards does the facility follow?
  
  

These questions help clarify the process and support informed decision-making.

The Role of the Surgical Team

Plastic surgery care often involves a multidisciplinary team. The surgeon may work with an anaesthesiologist who manages anaesthesia and monitors the patient throughout the procedure. Other team members, such as nurses or patient coordinators, may assist with scheduling, preparation, and postoperative instructions. Each plays a distinct role in supporting patient care throughout the surgical journey.

Common Facial & Neck Enhancement Procedures

Procedures aimed at the face can address concerns ranging from signs of ageing to structural balance.

Rhinoplasty: Reshaping the Nose for Balance

Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a "nose job," alters the shape and size of the nose. It can alter a prominent bridge, a bulbous tip, wide nostrils, or a crooked profile. Beyond aesthetics, rhinoplasty can also correct structural defects that cause breathing problems. The demand for this procedure is significant; according to ISAPS, around1.1 million rhinoplasty procedures were performed in 2023, an increase of 21.6% from the previous year. Incisions are typically hidden inside the nostrils or discreetly placed on the columella.

Blepharoplasty: Rejuvenating the Eyelids

Blepharoplasty, or eyelid surgery, is designed to alter the appearance of the eyes. Upper blepharoplasty removes excess skin and fat that creates a hooded or ‘tired’ look. Lower blepharoplasty addresses under-eye bags and puffiness. By making precise incisions within the natural creases of the eyelids, a surgeon can create a more alert appearance.

Rhytidectomy (Facelift): Turning Back the Clock

A rhytidectomy, or facelift, is a comprehensive procedure that addresses sagging skin, deep creases, and loss of muscle tone in the mid-to-lower face and neck. When performing a facelift in Singapore, the surgeon tightens underlying tissues and removes excess skin. Incisions are carefully placed within the hairline and around the natural contours of the ear to be as inconspicuous as possible.

Complementary Non-Surgical Facial Treatments

Many patients complement surgical results or opt for less invasive alternatives like injectables (Botox, dermal fillers), chemical peels, and laser resurfacing. These treatments can serve as an adjunct to surgical procedures or a starting point.

Popular Breast Procedures

Breast procedures are consistently among the most requested cosmetic surgeries, addressing concerns related to size, shape, and position.

Breast Augmentation: Enhancing Size and Shape

Breast augmentation uses saline or silicone implants to increase breast size and adjust symmetry and contour. It remains one of the most popular cosmetic surgical procedures worldwide. For example, it secured its position as themost sought-after cosmetic surgery in the UK in 2024, with 5,202 procedures performed. The surgeon places the implants behind the breast tissue or chest muscle through small incisions made in the armpit, areola, or breast crease.

Mastopexy (Breast Lift): Restoring Youthful Position

A mastopexy, or breast lift, raises and firms the breasts by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue. This procedure is usually requested by patients experiencing sagging due to pregnancy, weight fluctuations, or ageing. It helps with a lifted breast contour. A lift can be performed alone or in conjunction with breast augmentation for enhanced volume and position.

Breast Reduction: Alleviating Physical Discomfort

Breast reduction surgery is performed to reduce the size and weight of overly large breasts. This often alleviates associated physical discomfort like back pain, neck strain, and skin irritation. The surgeon removes excess fat, glandular tissue, and skin to create a breast size that is more in proportion with the patient's body, often significantly improving their quality of life.

Understanding Breast Reconstruction

Distinct from cosmetic procedures, breast reconstruction is a reconstructive procedure that rebuilds the shape and look of a breast, most commonly after a mastectomy. Breast reconstruction is a recognised part of plastic surgery and is offered to individuals after cancer treatment.

Common Body Contouring Procedures

Body contouring procedures are designed to sculpt and tone the body by removing stubborn fat and excess skin that don't respond to diet and exercise.

Liposuction: Targeted Fat Removal

Liposuction is a surgical procedure that reshapes specific areas of the body by removing excess fat deposits. Common treatment areas include the abdomen, hips, thighs, back, and arms. It is not a weight-loss tool but rather a contouring technique. Its popularity is undeniable, withliposuction being one of the most demanded cosmeticsurgeries, with over 347,000 procedures completed in 2023. 

Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck): Tightening the Abdomen

An abdominoplasty, or tummy tuck, addresses excess skin and fat in the abdominal area and tightens weakened or separated abdominal muscles. This procedure is particularly beneficial for individuals after significant weight loss or pregnancy. A full abdominoplasty involves an incision made low on the pubic area, from hip to hip, allowing the surgeon to create a flatter, firmer abdominal profile.

Other Common Body Procedures

Other popular body contouring surgeries include brachioplasty (arm lift), which removes sagging skin from the upper arms, and thigh lifts, which reshape the inner or outer thighs. Body lifts are more extensive procedures that address excess skin around the entire torso and are common after massive weight loss.

The Patient Journey: From Initial Consultation to Full Recovery

The surgical process involves several distinct phases, each requiring careful attention and preparation from both the patient and the surgical team.

Consultation and Setting Realistic Expectations

Your journey begins with a thorough consultation. This is where you discuss your aesthetic goals, and your surgeon evaluates your anatomy and health to determine if you are a good candidate. A crucial part of this meeting is setting realistic expectations. Your surgeon will explain the likely outcomes, the limitations of the procedure, and the potential benefits and complications.

Preparing for Your Surgery

Once you decide to proceed, you will receive detailed pre-operative instructions. This may include stopping certain medications, arranging for help at home during your recovery, and undergoing pre-operative medical evaluations. Following these guidelines carefully is essential for a safe procedure and smooth recovery.

The Surgical Experience: What to Expect

On the day of surgery, you will meet with your surgeon and the anesthesiologist to review the plan. The procedure will be performed in an accredited surgical facility. Depending on the surgery's complexity, the duration can range from one to several hours. General anaesthesia is commonly used to ensure you are comfortable and unaware during the operation.

Post-Operative Care and Recovery

Recovery is a gradual process. You will be given specific instructions on caring for your incisions, managing discomfort, and activity restrictions. Swelling, bruising, and soreness are normal. Follow-up appointments are critical for monitoring your healing progress. Patience is key, as it can take several weeks or even months for the final results of your surgical procedure to become fully apparent.

The Final Reflection

Embarking on a plastic surgery journey is a deeply personal decision. The patient journey requires a partnership built on trust and clear communication with your surgical team.

By arming yourself with knowledge and setting realistic expectations, you can make choices that align with your personal vision. The next step is to begin your research, schedule a consultation with a qualified professional, and ask the right questions to ensure you are placing your care in the most capable hands.

Individuals who would like more information may get in touch with AZATACA Plastic Surgery for details about available procedures.

FAQs

What is the difference between cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery?

Cosmetic plastic surgery is primarily focused on enhancing a person’s appearance. It involves procedures that improve aesthetic appeal, symmetry, and proportion. Reconstructive plastic surgery, on the other hand, is intended to correct functional impairments caused by burns, traumatic injuries, congenital and developmental abnormalities, infection, tumours, or disease. While cosmetic surgery can be elective, reconstructive surgery is often necessary to restore function and normal appearance.

What are the most common procedures performed in plastic surgery?

The most common cosmetic plastic surgery procedures include breast augmentation, liposuction, rhinoplasty (nose surgery), blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery), and abdominoplasty (tummy tuck). In reconstructive surgery, common procedures might involve breast reconstruction, cleft lip and palate repair, hand surgery, and skin cancer removal.

Why do people choose to have plastic surgery procedures?

People choose to undergo plastic surgery for various reasons, including a desire to enhance or restore appearance, improve self-esteem, correct deformities or injuries, and regain normal function or symmetry after trauma or medical conditions. Motivations are often deeply personal and can vary widely from one individual to another.

What are the typical risks and benefits associated with plastic surgery procedures?

The benefits of plastic surgery can include improved appearance, enhanced self-confidence, and, in the case of reconstructive procedures, restored function. However, like any surgical procedure, plastic surgery carries risks such as infection, scarring, anaesthesia complications, and dissatisfaction with results. It’s important for patients to carefully weigh these risks against the potential benefits and discuss them thoroughly with their surgeon.

How do recovery times vary among different common plastic surgery procedures?

Recovery times can vary significantly depending on the type and extent of the procedure, as well as individual factors like the patient’s health and adherence to post-operative care instructions. For example, minor procedures like Botox injections may require no downtime, while more invasive surgeries like abdominoplasty could require several weeks of recovery. Your surgeon will provide specific guidance on what to expect for your particular procedure.

What factors determine which plastic surgery procedure is best for a patient?

Several factors can influence the choice of plastic surgery procedure, including the patient’s aesthetic goals, health status, medical history, and anatomical considerations. A thorough consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon is critical to evaluate these factors and determine the most appropriate procedure to achieve the desired results.

What are the latest advancements in common plastic surgery techniques?

Recent advancements in plastic surgery involve the use of less invasive techniques, improved imaging technologies, and enhanced recovery protocols. Innovations such as fat grafting, minimally invasive endoscopic procedures, laser treatments, and regenerative medicine offer patients better outcomes with reduced downtime. Staying informed about the latest developments and choosing a surgeon who embraces cutting-edge techniques can provide patients with safer and more effective results.